Official homepage of Sam Harris, neuroscientist and author of The End of Faith, Letter to a Christian Nation, and The Moral Landscape. Find books, essays, debates.Sam Houston - Wikipedia. Sam Houston. Sam Houston, circa 1. Governor of Texas. In office. December 2. March 1. 6, 1. 86. Lieutenant. Edward Clark. Preceded by. Hardin Richard Runnels. Succeeded by. Edward Clark. United States Senatorfrom Texas. Yayoi Kusama: Infinity Mirrors. Fri Jun 30 – Sun Sep 10 2017. A daily photoblog of Sam Javanrouh's visual experience. Photos of Toronto, Ontario. Check out the latest news, reviews and interviews from your favorite TV series. Get exclusive content & breaking TV news as it happens. In office. February 2. March 4, 1. 84. 7Preceded by. None. Succeeded by. Vacant. In office. December 1. 8, 1. March 4, 1. 85. 9Preceded by. Vacant. Succeeded by. John Hemphill. 1st and 3rd President of Texas. In office. December 2. December 9, 1. 84. Vice President. Edward Burleson. Preceded by. Mirabeau B. Lamar. Succeeded by. Anson Jones. In office. October 2. 2, 1. 83. December 1. 0, 1. Vice President. Mirabeau B. Write to [email protected] for a Phone or E-mail Consultation with Sam Vaknin. Learn more about the Sponsor of this Website since April 1997 - and my Publisher. Lamar. Preceded by. David G. Burnet (ad interim)Succeeded by. Mirabeau B. Lamar. Member of the Texas House of Representativesfrom the San Augustine district. In office. 18. 39–1. Governor of Tennessee. In office. October 1, 1. April 1. 6, 1. 82. Lieutenant. William Hall. Preceded by. William Carroll. Succeeded by. William Hall. Member of the U. S. House of Representativesfrom Tennessee's 7th district. In office. March 4, 1. March 4, 1. 82. 7Succeeded by. John Bell. Personal details. Born(1. 79. 3- 0. March 2, 1. 79. 3Rockbridge County, Virginia, U. S. Died. July 2. 6, 1. Huntsville, Texas, C. S. Resting place. Oakwood Cemetery. Huntsville, Texas, U. S. Political party. Democratic- Republican(before 1. Democratic(1. 84. Unionist(1. 85. 4–1. Constitutional Union(1. Religion. Baptist(formerly Roman Catholic)Signature. Military service. Allegiance United States Texas. Service/branch. United States Army. Army of the Republic of Texas. Years of service. U. S. Army: 1. 81. Texian Army: 1. 83. Rank. U. S. Army: First lieutenant. Texian Army: Major general. Unit. U. S. Army: 3. Infantry Regiment. Commands. Texian Army: Army of the Republic of Texas. Battles/wars. Creek War/War of 1. His victory at the Battle of San Jacinto secured the independence of Texas from Mexico in one of the shortest decisive battles in modern history. He was also the only governor within a future Confederate state to oppose secession (which led to the outbreak of the American Civil War) and to refuse an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, a decision that led to his removal from office by the Texas secession convention. He was of Scots- Irish descent. After moving to Tennessee, he spent time with the Cherokee Nation, into which he later was adopted as a citizen and into which he married. He performed military service during the War of 1. Tennessee politics. In 1. 82. 7, Houston was elected Governor of Tennessee as a Jacksonian. Congressman, followed by a high- profile trial. He supported annexation by the United States. Senator upon achieving it in 1. State of Texas in 1. Houston became the only person to have become the governor of two different U. S. Instead, he retired to Huntsville, Texas, where he died before the end of the war. Houston's name has been honored in numerous ways. He is the namesake of the city of Houston, Texas's most populous city and the fourth most populous city in the U. S. Other things named for Sam Houston include a memorial museum, a U. S. Army base, a national forest, a historical park, a university, an elementary school in Lebanon, TN (Sam Houston Elementary), and a prominent roadside statue outside of Huntsville. Early life. Sam Houston was the fifth son of Major Samuel Houston and Elizabeth Paxton. Houston's paternal ancestry is often traced to his great- great grandfather Sir John Houston, who built a family estate in Scotland in the late seventeenth century. His second son John Houston emigrated to Ulster, Ireland during the Ulster plantation period. Under the system of primogeniture, he did not inherit the estate. A historic plaque near Larne in County Antrim, Northern Ireland tells the story of the Houston family. It is located in Ballyboley Forest Park near the site of the original John Houston estate. After several years in Ireland, John Houston immigrated in 1. North American colonies, where they first settled in Pennsylvania. Houston decided to migrate south with other Scots- Irish, who settled in the back country of lands in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Gradually, John Houston developed his land and purchased slaves. At the time, militia officers were expected to pay their own expenses. He had married Elizabeth Paxton and inherited his father's land, but he was not a good manager and got into debt, in part because of his militia service. The senior Samuel and Elizabeth's children were Paxton (b. John Paxton (b. 1. Izard County, Arkansas, 1. Samuel (b. 1. 79. Elizabeth Ann (b. Today, Timber Ridge Plantation maintains a log building which tradition claims was constructed from logs salvaged from the Sam Houston birthplace cabin. He died in 1. 80. Elizabeth subsequently undertook, along with their five sons and three daughters. She took them to the eastern part of the new state, which had been admitted to the Union in 1. He went southwest and lived for a few years with the Cherokee tribe led by Ahuludegi (also spelled Oolooteka) on Hiwassee Island in the Hiwassee River, above its confluence with the Tennessee River. Ahuludegi had become hereditary chief after his brother moved west; American settlers in the area called him John Jolly. He became an adoptive father to Houston, giving him the Cherokee name of Colonneh, meaning . He returned to Maryville in 1. Blount County between his town and Knoxville. By December of that year, he had been transferred to the 3. Infantry Regiment and had risen from private to third lieutenant. Andrew Jackson called for volunteers to dislodge a group of Red Sticks from their breastwork; Houston volunteered and was struck by bullets in the shoulder and arm during the assault. He returned to Maryville as a disabled veteran, but later took the army's offer of free surgery and convalesced in a New Orleans hospital. In 1. 81. 7, Jackson appointed him sub- agent in managing the removal of the Cherokees from East Tennessee to a reservation in what is now Arkansas. Houston had differences with Secretary of War. John C. Calhoun, who chided him for appearing at a meeting dressed as a Cherokee. More significantly, an inquiry was begun into charges related to Houston's administration of supplies for the Indians; he was offended and resigned in 1. House of Representatives for Tennessee where he was a staunch supporter of fellow Tennessean and Democrat Andrew Jackson. He was widely considered Jackson's political prot. Houston was a Congressman from 1. In 1. 82. 7, he declined to run for re- election to Congress. He won the race for Governor of Tennessee in 1. Congressman Newton Cannon and former governor Willie Blount. He planned to run for re- election in 1. He resigned from office when his wife Eliza Allen left him shortly after their wedding and made public statements embarrassing to him. He accused Houston of being in league with John Van Fossen and Congressman Robert S. The three men had bid on supplying rations to the various tribes of Indians who were being forcibly relocated west of the Mississippi as a result of Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1. Stanbery refused to answer Houston's letters about the accusation, so Houston confronted him on Pennsylvania Avenue and beat him with a hickory cane, causing serious bodily injury. Stanbery drew one of his pistols in self- defense and squeezed the trigger, but the gun misfired. Congress ordered Houston's arrest on April 1. District of Columbia City Hall. He pleaded self- defense and hired Francis Scott Key as his lawyer. Congressman Philip Doddridge provided an eloquent argument that intimidating members of Congress with physical force amounted to anarchy in refutation of federalism. Stanbery filed charges against Houston in civil court, and Judge William Cranch found him liable and assessed him $5. Houston left the United States for Mexico without paying the judgement. Republic of Texas. The Texas Revolution. General Sam Houston (postcard, circa 1. Houston's political reputation suffered further due to the publicity related to the trial for his assault of Stanbery. He left for Texas in December 1. Mexican state of Coahuila, attending the Convention of 1. Nacogdoches. Houston emerged as a supporter of William Harris Wharton and his brother, who promoted independence from Mexico. This was the more radical position of the American settlers and Tejanos in Texas. He also attended the Consultation of 1. Texas Army commissioned him as Major General in November 1. He negotiated a peace settlement with the Cherokee of East Texas in February 1. Houston was selected as Commander- in- Chief at the convention to declare Texan independence in March 1. Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1. Mexican soldiers killed all those at the Alamo Mission at the end of a 1. March 6. On March 1. Houston joined what constituted his army at Gonzales: 3. Heavy rain fell nearly every day, causing severe morale problems among the exposed troops struggling through the mud. He received additional troops near present- day La Grange, after four days' march, and continued east two days later with 6. At Goliad, Santa Anna ordered the execution of more than 4. Texas militia led by James Fannin, who had surrendered his forces on March 2. Houston's forces were joined by 1. March 2. 6 near present- day Columbus, and the next day he learned of the Fannin disaster. Houston continued his retreat eastward toward the Gulf coast, drawing criticism for his perceived lack of willingness to fight, and two companies refused to retreat further on March 2. Brazos River. Houston decided to use the opportunity for rudimentary training and discipline of his force. On April 2, he organized the 2nd Regiment and received a battalion of regulars, and he ordered all troops along the Brazos to join the main army on April 1. He began crossing the Brazos on April 1. Santa Anna finally caught up with Houston's army, but he had split his own army into three separate forces in an attempt to encircle the Texans.
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